專題：對話ESG全球領導者

　　文 | 新浪財經 李欣然

　　在氣候變化深刻重塑世界格局、可持續發展目標進程面臨嚴峻挑戰的今天，如何通過系統性變革推動全球向綠色、韌性、包容的未來轉型，已成為國際社會的核心議題。基礎設施作為經濟社會運行的基石，既是溫室氣體排放的主要來源，也是實現氣候行動與發展目標的關鍵載體；AI等新興技術既帶來能效革命的機遇，也潛藏著加劇不平等的風險；而全球治理在資金、政策與實施之間的多重缺口，更凸顯了從承諾到落地之間的艱難跨越。

　　在這一復雜背景下，新浪財經對話了聯合國副秘書長兼聯合國項目事務署（United Nations Office for Project Services，以下簡稱UNOPS）執行主任豪爾赫·莫雷拉?達席爾瓦（Jorge Moreira da Silva）。他基于UNOPS在全球項目實施一線的豐富經驗，從基礎設施轉型、技術治理、實施效能與國際合作等多個維度，系統闡述了當前全球可持續發展進程中的關鍵挑戰與破局路徑。

基礎設施決策的轉型機遇：整合氣候目標與發展需求

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦強調，基礎設施一方面造成了約79%的溫室氣體排放、消耗了88%的氣候適應資金，另一方面它也影響著高達92%的聯合國可持續發展目標的實現。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦指出，為達成《巴黎協定》和可持續發展目標，必須在基礎設施的規劃、交付和管理方式上立即開展根本性變革。在莫雷拉?達席爾瓦看來，當今的基礎設施選擇將決定各社區能否引領世界走向更可持續、更具韌性與包容的未來。

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦認為，當前存在一個獨特機遇，可使基礎設施決策與全球及國家氣候目標保持一致。這需要納入包容性、基于權利的氣候行動，以推進氣候適應工作，加速向低碳未來轉型，并確保不讓任何人掉隊。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦進一步指出，基于自然的基礎設施解決方案有助于應對可持續發展挑戰和“三重地球危機”，因為基于自然的解決方案能對聯合國17項可持續發展目標中高達79%的具體目標產生積極影響。

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦著重闡明，基礎設施是清潔能源轉型的關鍵，并強調必須顯著降低其碳足跡，支持能源、交通、建筑等領域的脫碳進程。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦表示，聯合國項目事務署致力于通過多方協作確保人人獲得可負擔的可持續能源，并以公正、包容、公平的方式支持遠離化石燃料的轉型行動。最后莫雷拉?達席爾瓦指出，依托其在基礎設施領域的核心職能，聯合國項目事務署正協助合作伙伴設計、建造、修復和維護符合社區需求、支撐國家發展重點的基礎設施，確保其與聯合國可持續發展目標及《巴黎協定》保持高度協同。

　　AI的下一程：機遇、風險與包容性治理

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦強調，清潔能源轉型與AI的興起密切相關。他指出，全球數據中心對能源的需求將顯著增加，但同時AI也為降低能源行業成本、提升競爭力、減少排放提供了重要機遇。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦指出，一份新的聯合國報告強調，盡管人工智能為發展帶來了重大機遇，但各國在把握其效益和管理風險方面處于極不平等的起跑線上。他進一步表示，占世界人口55%以上的亞太地區正處于這一轉型的核心位置，并警示道：若缺乏合乎倫理且包容的治理，AI可能通過擴大經濟、技能和治理體系等方面的差距，加劇全球不平等。

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦主張，我們必須將創新和技術作為促進包容而非割裂的工具。他強調，從數據系統到AI的數字解決方案，為擴大服務覆蓋面和加速可持續發展提供了強大機遇。然而莫雷拉?達席爾瓦同時強調，必須以公平為核心，對這些技術進行負責任的管理。

　　彌合全球治理缺口：構建以實施為核心的可持續發展新范式

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦指出，政策和資金缺口固然阻礙了可持續發展目標的推進，但同樣嚴峻的實施缺口卻長期被忽視，未獲應有的關注。他指出，雄心壯志與為社區提供切實成果的集體能力之間，存在日益擴大的鴻溝。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦認為，資金困境仍是癥結所在：國際金融秩序碎片橫生、不公依舊，難以匹配今日挑戰的復合性與緊迫性。由此，資源遲遲無法流向最需要的角落——那些脆弱、易受氣候重創的國家，其發展成果正面臨最嚴峻的回潮風險。

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦進一步指出，許多處于氣候危機前沿的發展中國家正更深地陷入債務驅動的發展危機。他強調，若不改革全球金融秩序，實現氣候與發展目標將無從談起。然而，莫雷拉?達席爾瓦認為，將焦點轉向實施環節同樣至關重要。他主張，我們必須超越短期項目周期，投資于能夠幫助各國可持續地規劃、籌資和實施的管理體系。這意味著要加強制度建設，支持國家能力發展，并確保每一分支出都能構建長期韌性、降低脆弱性。

　　莫雷拉?達席爾瓦著重指出，UNOPS的核心承諾正是圍繞實施環節展開。他通過日常觀察看到，切實的實施支持能夠帶來顯著改變。UNOPS通過其工作，幫助各國設計和提供具備韌性、可持續且包容的基礎設施；建立透明高效的采購體系；并發展有效管理復雜項目所需的技術與制度能力。莫雷拉?達席爾瓦表示，通過這樣的工作，UNOPS為可持續發展扎根和繁榮創造了條件。

　　展望未來，莫雷拉?達席爾瓦呼吁把“風險驅動的韌性”置于核心：基礎設施與系統必須經得住沖擊、扛得下壓力。基于自然、低碳的方案，是同時破解氣候與發展難題的鑰匙。數字化浪潮呼嘯而來，也為公共投資與服務帶來前所未有的透明、問責和效率。歸根結底，全球須以更緊密的團結作答——唯有共享工具、共籌資源、共筑伙伴，發展中國家才能穩穩托起屬于自己的可持續未來。

　　全球氣候行動中的中國角色與南南合作新機遇

　　莫雷拉·達席爾瓦強調了全球共同應對氣候變化和推動可持續發展的緊迫性，指出中國在加速實現可持續發展目標進程中的作用至關重要。他表示，UNOPS致力于支持包容性發展、氣候韌性和可持續解決方案。莫雷拉·達席爾瓦特別指出，中國是UNOPS重要的發展合作伙伴，雙方多年來攜手深化南南合作。隨著伙伴關系持續拓展，UNOPS期待將共同愿景轉化為協同行動，推動綠色、包容、有韌性的發展，為可持續發展目標作出實質性貢獻。

　　以下為英文原文：

The Transformative Opportunity in Infrastructure Decision-Making: Aligning Climate Goals with Development Needs

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that infrastructure is responsible for an estimated 79% of all greenhouse gas emissions and 88% of all adaptation costs, while also underpinning the SDGs by influencing up to 92% of their targets. Moreira da Silva points out that to meet the Paris Agreement and the SDGs, immediate and radical change is required in how infrastructure is planned, delivered, and managed. In Moreira da Silva's view, the infrastructure choices made today will determine whether communities can drive a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive world.

Moreira da Silva believes there is a unique opportunity now to align infrastructure decisions with global and national climate goals. This entails integrating inclusive and rights-based climate action that advances adaptation, accelerates the transition to a low-carbon future, and ensures no one is left behind. Moreira da Silva further notes that natural infrastructure solutions can help address sustainable development challenges and the triple planetary crisis, as nature-based solutions can influence up to 79% of SDG targets across all 17 Goals.

Moreira da Silva underscores that infrastructure is key to the clean energy transition, highlighting the clear need to reduce its carbon footprint and support the decarbonization of sectors such as energy, transport, and buildings. Moreira da Silva states that UNOPS is committed to the collaborative effort required to provide access to energy for all, supporting implementation actions to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, inclusive, and equitable way. Finally, Moreira da Silva points out that with its core mandate in infrastructure, UNOPS helps partners design, construct, rehabilitate, and maintain infrastructure that responds to community needs and supports national development priorities, in line with the SDGs and the Paris Agreement on climate change.

The Next Phase of AI: Navigating Opportunities, Risks, and Inclusive Governance

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that the clean energy transition is closely tied with the rise of AI. He points out that data centres around the world will have significantly increased energy needs, yet AI also holds major opportunities to cut costs, enhance competitiveness, and reduce emissions across the energy sector. Moreira da Silva highlights a new UN report that while AI offers major opportunities for development, countries are starting from vastly unequal positions in capturing its benefits and managing its risks. Moreira da Silva further notes that Asia and the Pacific - home to over 55% of the world's population - sit at the heart of this transition, and warns that without ethical and inclusive governance, AI could deepen global inequality by widening gaps in economies, skills, and governance systems.

Moreira da Silva believes we must embrace innovation and technology as tools for inclusion, not division. He stresses that digital solutions, from data systems to artificial intelligence, offer powerful opportunities to expand access to services and accelerate sustainable development. However, Moreira da Silva underscores that they must be governed responsibly, with equity at the centre of such governance.

Bridging the Global Governance Gap: Forging a New Implementation-Centered Paradigm for Sustainable Development

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that while policy and financing gaps clearly hinder progress towards the SDGs, a significant implementation gap also persists without receiving due attention. He points out that there is a widening divide between ambitions and the collective capacity to deliver tangible results for communities. In Moreira da Silva's view, finance remains a key issue, as the international financial architecture is fragmented, inequitable, and ill-suited to the integrated nature of today's challenges. Consequently, resources do not flow where they are most needed—particularly to fragile and climate-vulnerable states, where development gains face the greatest risk of reversal.

Moreira da Silva further notes that many developing countries on the frontline of the climate crisis are sinking deeper into a debt-driven development crisis. He stresses that delivering on climate and development goals will be impossible without reforming global financial structures. However, Moreira da Silva believes it is equally crucial to shift focus toward implementation. He argues that we must move beyond short-term project cycles and invest in systems that enable countries to plan, finance, and implement sustainably. This means strengthening institutions, supporting national capacities, and ensuring that every dollar spent builds long-term resilience and reduces vulnerability.

Moreira da Silva highlights that at UNOPS, the commitment is firmly centered on implementation. He has seen daily how practical implementation support can make a meaningful difference. Through its work, UNOPS helps countries design and deliver resilient, sustainable, and inclusive infrastructure; establish transparent and efficient procurement systems; and develop the technical and institutional capacities needed to manage complex projects effectively. In doing so, Moreira da Silva notes that UNOPS helps create the conditions for sustainable development to take root and flourish.

Looking ahead, Moreira da Silva underscores the need to redouble focus on risk-informed and resilient development, where infrastructure and systems are designed to withstand shocks and stresses. He also emphasizes that nature-based and low-carbon solutions are key to addressing both climate and development challenges. At the same time, with digital transformation accelerating, Moreira da Silva points to the opportunity to strengthen transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public investment and service delivery. Ultimately, however, Moreira da Silva asserts that greater global solidarity is essential - so that developing countries have the tools, resources, and partnerships needed to drive their own sustainable futures.

China's Role in Global Climate Action and New Opportunities for South-South Cooperation

Moreira da Silva emphasizes the urgent need for joint global climate action and sustainable development, noting that China's role is pivotal in accelerating progress toward the SDGs. He points out that UNOPS is committed to supporting inclusive development, climate resilience, and sustainable solutions. Moreira da Silva underscores that China is a valued development partner for UNOPS, highlighting years of collaborative efforts to strengthen south-south cooperation. He adds that as the partnership continues to expand, we look forward to turning shared aspirations into concerted actions, advancing green, inclusive, and resilient development, and contributing meaningfully to the SDGs.